Templates are the base of generic programming, which involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type.
A template is formula for creating a generic class or a function.
It is basically used to perform the generic data type programming. Using a template, it is possible to create generic functions and classes. A generic function defines a general set of operations that will apply to various types of data.
By using a generic
function, a single general procedure can be applied to a wide range of data.
There are two types of
template
1. Function
Template
2. Class
Template
Example of Function Template
C++ program using function template to find out the sum of two variable.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class
r>
void main ()
{
clrscr ();
int a, b;
float c, d;
cout<”Enter a and b”;
cin>>a>>b;
sum(c, d);
getch();
}
void sum (r a, r b)
{
r c;
c = a + b;
cout<<c;
}
Input:
Enter a and b 3 4
Output:
7
Example of Function Template
C++ program using function template to find out the sum of :
1.
Integer
elements of the array
2.
Float
elements of the array
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class
r>
void main ()
{
clrscr ();
int a[5], i;
float b[5];
cout<<”Enter
integer value of array = ”;
for (i=0; i<=4; i++)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
sum(a, 5);
cout<<”Enter
float value of array = ”;
for (i=0; i<=4; i++)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
sum(b, 10);
getch ();
}
void sum (r a[ ], int
n )
{
s=0;
int i;
for (i=0; i<=n; i++)
{
s = s + a[i];
}
cout<<s;
}
Example of Class Template
C++ program using Class template to find out the sum of two variable.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class t>
class sum
{
t a, b, c;
public:
void get ();
};
template <class
t>
void sum <t> :: get ()
{
cin>>a>>b;
c = a + b;
cout<<c;
}
void main ()
{
clrscr ();
sum <int> st;
sum <float> mt;
st.get ();
mt.get ();
getch ();
}
Input:
3 4
Output:
7
No comments:
Post a Comment